CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER - TURKEY (05)
*********************************************
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ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Date: Sun 31 May 2009
Source: World Bulletin, News [edited]
<http://www.worldbulletin.net/news_detail.php?id=42625>
Turkey battles the virus that spreads from tick bites, which has
started to take lives. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a
risk in 15 provinces and 1200 villages in Turkey.
The Turkish Ministry of Health Basic Health Services Deputy General
Manager Mehmet Ali Torunoglu said: "Tick-borne disease is a risk in 15
provinces, and 95 percent of all cases are seen in those 1200
villages." Stating that there is no risk in cities, Torunoglu said
ticks in the cities do not cause CCHF.
Torunoglu said that due to panic caused by CCHF, 283 000 people were
admitted to health institutions last year [2008] but only 1315
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever cases were confirmed, and 63 people
lost their lives.
Ministry of Health officials have reached 150 000 houses in the 15
provinces that are at high risk since February this year [2009], and
approximately 600 000 people were trained face to face about the
tick-borne disease. Brochures and free solution containing permethrin
were distributed. Torunoglu also explained that "protective clothing
[is] to be distributed in risk areas and a 20-minute training film
[has been] prepared for field visits."
The provinces under high risk are on the Middle Black Sea and the
north of Central Anatolia, especially Tokat, Corum, Yozgat, Sivas,
Samsun, Kastamonu and Karabuk.
Stating that sprays are being distributed in rural areas, Torunoglu
explained how to use the sprays: "This spray should be delivered on
your clothes often, and wait 2 hours to dry. Then the tick dies if it
reaches to the top of this clothing for 3 to 4 weeks" [i.e. this
treatment remains effective for 3 to 4 weeks?].
Torunoglu urged people to wear special sprayed clothes during their
work and not to neglect daily tick checks. Reminding the public that
an effective vaccine for protection from CCHF has yet to be found,
Torunoglu said personal protection measures are important.
Measures to be taken to prevent tick-borne disease:
- When visiting rural areas, wear light colored clothing, and legs of
pants should be tucked into the socks.
- Exposed parts of the body should be protected by repellents.
- Clothes should be sprayed with permethrin containing drugs that are
effective against ticks for a long time.
- People who work in agriculture and animal husbandry especially
should do daily tick checks for themselves and their families.
- When a tick is identified on the body, as soon as possible, the tick
should be removed by an appropriate method, and during this process,
the tick should not be crushed or popped [which would spread infected
contents onto the skin. - Mod.JW].
- Ticks should not be collected and squeezed with bare hands [for the
same reason as above. - Mod.JW].
- To remove the tick from the body, ether, cologne, gas, oil or
cigarettes should not be applied.
- After any contact with ticks, people must be watched for disease
symptoms for 10 days; if symptoms occur, contact the nearest health
center.
- Farm animals should be disinfected against ticks.
Torunoglu also said during the 1st 5 months of 2009, the number of
cases and deaths due to CCHF decreased [compared with 2008]. According
to records, a total of 1315 cases and 63 deaths occurred in
January-May 2008, but in the same period of 2009, 87 cases and 7
deaths have been recorded.
--
Communicated by
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Susan Baekeland
[Since the previous report on 30 May 2009, there have been 2 more
deaths. However, the government's efforts at increasing awareness of
the hazards of tick-bite may be limiting the number of cases.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Turkey is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00bZ>
and a map of the provinces of Turkey at
<http://www.mapsofworld.com/turkey/turke ... l-map.html>.
- Mod.CP]
Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
Moderator: Moderatoren
-
Birgitt
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Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
Serbien - Krim-Kongo hämorrhagisches Fieber (CCHF)
02.06.2009
In der Stadt Malisevo, im Kosovo, ist ein Ehepaar an CCHF verstorben. Weitere Familienangehörige wurden mit ähnlichen Symptomen hospitalisiert. Im Zentralkosovo, insbesondere in Malisevo und Klina, wurden dieses Jahr 157 Personen mit Verdachtsdiagnose CCHF behandelt, 27 mussten hospitalisiert werden. Im Kosovo wurde CCHF erstmals 1957 diagnostiziert. Die Erkrankung geht mit Fieber, schweren Allgemeinerscheinungen und gelegentlich Blutungen einher und tritt besonders in der warmen Jahreszeit auf. Die Übertragung des CCHF erfolgt gewöhnlich durch Zecken, gelegentlich aber auch von Mensch zu Mensch, z.B. familiär oder nosokomial. Schutz vor Zeckenstichen beachten, Kontakt mit Kranken im Infektionsgebiet meiden. / Quelle: crm
02.06.2009
In der Stadt Malisevo, im Kosovo, ist ein Ehepaar an CCHF verstorben. Weitere Familienangehörige wurden mit ähnlichen Symptomen hospitalisiert. Im Zentralkosovo, insbesondere in Malisevo und Klina, wurden dieses Jahr 157 Personen mit Verdachtsdiagnose CCHF behandelt, 27 mussten hospitalisiert werden. Im Kosovo wurde CCHF erstmals 1957 diagnostiziert. Die Erkrankung geht mit Fieber, schweren Allgemeinerscheinungen und gelegentlich Blutungen einher und tritt besonders in der warmen Jahreszeit auf. Die Übertragung des CCHF erfolgt gewöhnlich durch Zecken, gelegentlich aber auch von Mensch zu Mensch, z.B. familiär oder nosokomial. Schutz vor Zeckenstichen beachten, Kontakt mit Kranken im Infektionsgebiet meiden. / Quelle: crm
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Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
Türkei - Krim-Kongo hämorrhagisches Fieber (CCHF)
04.06.2009
Inzwischen stieg die Zahl der Erkrankungen in der Türkei auf 87 und die der Todesfälle auf 7 an. Die Erkrankung geht mit Fieber, schweren Allgemeinerscheinungen und gelegentlich Blutungen einher und tritt besonders in der warmen Jahreszeit auf. Der Erreger, ein Virus, kommt vor allem im zentralen, nördlichen und östlichen Anatolien mit den Provinzen Samsun, Corum, Tokat, Amasya sowie Gumushane, Sivas, Bayburt, Cankin, Yozgat, Karabuk, Kastamonu, Erzurum und Erzincan vor; aus den Urlaubsgebiete im Süden der Türkei wurden bisher keine Fälle berichtet. Die Übertragung erfolgt gewöhnlich durch Zecken, gelegentlich aber auch von Mensch zu Mensch. Schutz vor Zeckenstichen beachten, Kontakt mit Kranken meiden. / Quelle: crm
04.06.2009
Inzwischen stieg die Zahl der Erkrankungen in der Türkei auf 87 und die der Todesfälle auf 7 an. Die Erkrankung geht mit Fieber, schweren Allgemeinerscheinungen und gelegentlich Blutungen einher und tritt besonders in der warmen Jahreszeit auf. Der Erreger, ein Virus, kommt vor allem im zentralen, nördlichen und östlichen Anatolien mit den Provinzen Samsun, Corum, Tokat, Amasya sowie Gumushane, Sivas, Bayburt, Cankin, Yozgat, Karabuk, Kastamonu, Erzurum und Erzincan vor; aus den Urlaubsgebiete im Süden der Türkei wurden bisher keine Fälle berichtet. Die Übertragung erfolgt gewöhnlich durch Zecken, gelegentlich aber auch von Mensch zu Mensch. Schutz vor Zeckenstichen beachten, Kontakt mit Kranken meiden. / Quelle: crm
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Birgitt
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Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER - TURKEY (06): AP92-LIKE STRAIN
***************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Wed 10 Jun 2009
Source: BioMed Central (BMC) Infectious Diseases 2009, 9:90 [edited]
<http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/9/90/abstract>
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, AP92 strain - Turkey
-----------------------------------------------------
Title: The first clinical case due to AP92 like strain of
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus and a field survey
Authors: Kenan Midilli and 8 others
Abstract (provisional)
----------------------
Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) infection
is a fatal disease, but no clinical case due to the AP92 strain has
been reported. We described the 1st clinical case due to an AP92-like CCHFV.
Methods: A case infected by an AP92-like CCHFV was detected in the
Balkan part of Turkey. Diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR and
sequencing. Human serologic and tick [vector] survey studies were
performed in the region, where the case detected.
Results: 38 individuals out of 741 were found to be anti CCHFV IgM
positive. The attack rate for overall CCHFV [infection] was
calculated as 5.2 percent. In univariate analyses, CCHFV IgM
positivity was found to be associated with the age (p less than
0.001), male gender (p=0.001), agricultural activity (p=0.036), and
history of tick bite (p=0.014). In multivariate analysis, older age
(OR [odds ratio]: 1.03, CI [confidence interval]: 1.01-1.05, p less
than 0.001), and male gender were found to be the risk factors (OR:
2.5, CI: 1.15-5.63, p=0.020) for CCHFV infection.
Conclusions: This is the 1st human case with AP92-like CCHFV
infection. Furthermore, this is the 1st report of an AP92-like strain
in Turkey. In the region, elderly males carry the highest risk for
CCHFV infection.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Susan Baekeland
[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe hemorrhagic fever
in humans with a case fatality rate of up to 50 percent. The
causative agent of CCHF is a tick-borne virus of the family
_Bunyaviridae_, genus _Nairovirus_. The virus is transmitted to
humans through infected tick bites, squashed ticks, or from direct
contact with viremic animals or humans. Outbreaks of CCHF have been
documented in Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Western
Asia where the vector and/or reservoir ticks of _Hyalomma_ spp. are
prevalent. Recent advances in molecular and biochemical analyses of
CCHF virus reveal that the virus encodes larger proteins compared to
other genera of the _Bunyaviridae_ and the processing of viral
proteins is complicated. CCHF viruses are relatively divergent in
their genome sequences and the viruses can be grouped in 7 different
clades. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the S-RNA and
L-RNA segments of CCHF viruses indicate that the seven clades
correlate with their geographical location.
Genetic analysis of CCHF viruses found throughout the Balkan
Peninsula, Russia, and Turkey have been grouped into 6 clades. The
exception is a Greek strain, designated AP92, isolated from ticks in
1976. Up to the present report this strain had not been associated
with human disease and was considered to be associated only with
inapparent infection.
The relevance of the report above is that an AP92-like virus has been
isolated for the 1st time in Turkey and in association with mild
illness. The new isolate has been designated AP92-like and further
analysis may perhaps reveal it to be a recombinant/reassortant virus.
- Mod.CP. The complete article is available at
<http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pd ... 4-9-90.pdf> - Copy Ed. MJ]
***************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Wed 10 Jun 2009
Source: BioMed Central (BMC) Infectious Diseases 2009, 9:90 [edited]
<http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/9/90/abstract>
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, AP92 strain - Turkey
-----------------------------------------------------
Title: The first clinical case due to AP92 like strain of
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus and a field survey
Authors: Kenan Midilli and 8 others
Abstract (provisional)
----------------------
Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) infection
is a fatal disease, but no clinical case due to the AP92 strain has
been reported. We described the 1st clinical case due to an AP92-like CCHFV.
Methods: A case infected by an AP92-like CCHFV was detected in the
Balkan part of Turkey. Diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR and
sequencing. Human serologic and tick [vector] survey studies were
performed in the region, where the case detected.
Results: 38 individuals out of 741 were found to be anti CCHFV IgM
positive. The attack rate for overall CCHFV [infection] was
calculated as 5.2 percent. In univariate analyses, CCHFV IgM
positivity was found to be associated with the age (p less than
0.001), male gender (p=0.001), agricultural activity (p=0.036), and
history of tick bite (p=0.014). In multivariate analysis, older age
(OR [odds ratio]: 1.03, CI [confidence interval]: 1.01-1.05, p less
than 0.001), and male gender were found to be the risk factors (OR:
2.5, CI: 1.15-5.63, p=0.020) for CCHFV infection.
Conclusions: This is the 1st human case with AP92-like CCHFV
infection. Furthermore, this is the 1st report of an AP92-like strain
in Turkey. In the region, elderly males carry the highest risk for
CCHFV infection.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Susan Baekeland
[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe hemorrhagic fever
in humans with a case fatality rate of up to 50 percent. The
causative agent of CCHF is a tick-borne virus of the family
_Bunyaviridae_, genus _Nairovirus_. The virus is transmitted to
humans through infected tick bites, squashed ticks, or from direct
contact with viremic animals or humans. Outbreaks of CCHF have been
documented in Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Western
Asia where the vector and/or reservoir ticks of _Hyalomma_ spp. are
prevalent. Recent advances in molecular and biochemical analyses of
CCHF virus reveal that the virus encodes larger proteins compared to
other genera of the _Bunyaviridae_ and the processing of viral
proteins is complicated. CCHF viruses are relatively divergent in
their genome sequences and the viruses can be grouped in 7 different
clades. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the S-RNA and
L-RNA segments of CCHF viruses indicate that the seven clades
correlate with their geographical location.
Genetic analysis of CCHF viruses found throughout the Balkan
Peninsula, Russia, and Turkey have been grouped into 6 clades. The
exception is a Greek strain, designated AP92, isolated from ticks in
1976. Up to the present report this strain had not been associated
with human disease and was considered to be associated only with
inapparent infection.
The relevance of the report above is that an AP92-like virus has been
isolated for the 1st time in Turkey and in association with mild
illness. The new isolate has been designated AP92-like and further
analysis may perhaps reveal it to be a recombinant/reassortant virus.
- Mod.CP. The complete article is available at
<http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pd ... 4-9-90.pdf> - Copy Ed. MJ]
-
Birgitt
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Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER - KAZAKHSTAN (SOUTH KAZAKHSTAN)
***************************************************************
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International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Tue 14 Jul 2009
Source: Kazakhstan Today [trans., abbreviated Mod.NP, edited]
<http://www.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=134527>
In the city of Turkestan in the South Kazakhstan region, a 36-year-old
pediatrician has died from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)
virus infection. She worked in a maternity hospital in the city of
Turkestan. She was admitted on 10 Jul 2009 to the Central City
Hospital with a diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection. Later,
CCHF virus infection was confirmed. On the night of 13 Jul 2009, the
patient died. Previously, she had been attending the birth of a child.
The Office of the Public Prosecutor has established that on 24 Jun
2009, a 23-year-old woman was admitted, who the same day gave birth to
a child in the obstetric department of the maternity hospital in
Turkestan. After 3 days, she was discharged with the child under
supervision of her local doctor.
On 29 Jul 2009, this woman was re-admitted to the maternity hospital
with symptoms of hemorrhage. Due to these symptoms, she was operated
on by a team of doctors. During the operation, there was severe
bleeding. On 2 Jul 2009, as a result of complications subsequent to
the operation, she underwent surgery again. On the same day, another
operation had to be carried out, but the newborn child died on 3 Jul
2009, and the mother died on 4 Jul 2009. Subsequently on 9 Jul 2009, a
vascular surgeon who had operated on the patient died after returning
to his practice in the city of Shymkent.
On 10 Jul 2009, the head of the surgical branch of City Hospital, who
headed the team operating on the woman, was admitted to the infectious
department of the central City Hospital of Turkestan. He was ill on
7-8 Jul 2009. Preliminary diagnosis of CCHF was established on the
basis of clinical and epidemiological data. On 11 Jul 2009, in spite
of treatment, the chief surgeon died.
On 10 Jul 2009, a 25-year-old assistant gynecologist in the maternity
hospital of Turkestan who repeatedly examined the woman in child-birth
arrived in the infectious department with a diagnosis of "acute
respiratory viral infection of moderate severity." On 11 Jul 2009, a
34-year-old junior maternity nurse was admitted to the infectious
department with a preliminary diagnosis of "acute respiratory viral
infection of moderate severity." She had looked after the woman in
child-birth in the maternity hospital.
After the intervention of the Office of the Public Prosecutor remedial
measures have been put in place. A working group has been established
to monitor progress.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-RUS <promed@promedmail.org>
[This tragic incident involving the deaths of at least 3 medical
personnel is illustrative of the potential for CCHF virus infection to
spread in a healthcare environment by nosocomial transmission.
The cities of Turkestan and Shymkent can be located in the
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Kazakhstan at:
<http://healthmap.org/r/00Bk>. - Mod.CP]
***************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Tue 14 Jul 2009
Source: Kazakhstan Today [trans., abbreviated Mod.NP, edited]
<http://www.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=134527>
In the city of Turkestan in the South Kazakhstan region, a 36-year-old
pediatrician has died from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)
virus infection. She worked in a maternity hospital in the city of
Turkestan. She was admitted on 10 Jul 2009 to the Central City
Hospital with a diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection. Later,
CCHF virus infection was confirmed. On the night of 13 Jul 2009, the
patient died. Previously, she had been attending the birth of a child.
The Office of the Public Prosecutor has established that on 24 Jun
2009, a 23-year-old woman was admitted, who the same day gave birth to
a child in the obstetric department of the maternity hospital in
Turkestan. After 3 days, she was discharged with the child under
supervision of her local doctor.
On 29 Jul 2009, this woman was re-admitted to the maternity hospital
with symptoms of hemorrhage. Due to these symptoms, she was operated
on by a team of doctors. During the operation, there was severe
bleeding. On 2 Jul 2009, as a result of complications subsequent to
the operation, she underwent surgery again. On the same day, another
operation had to be carried out, but the newborn child died on 3 Jul
2009, and the mother died on 4 Jul 2009. Subsequently on 9 Jul 2009, a
vascular surgeon who had operated on the patient died after returning
to his practice in the city of Shymkent.
On 10 Jul 2009, the head of the surgical branch of City Hospital, who
headed the team operating on the woman, was admitted to the infectious
department of the central City Hospital of Turkestan. He was ill on
7-8 Jul 2009. Preliminary diagnosis of CCHF was established on the
basis of clinical and epidemiological data. On 11 Jul 2009, in spite
of treatment, the chief surgeon died.
On 10 Jul 2009, a 25-year-old assistant gynecologist in the maternity
hospital of Turkestan who repeatedly examined the woman in child-birth
arrived in the infectious department with a diagnosis of "acute
respiratory viral infection of moderate severity." On 11 Jul 2009, a
34-year-old junior maternity nurse was admitted to the infectious
department with a preliminary diagnosis of "acute respiratory viral
infection of moderate severity." She had looked after the woman in
child-birth in the maternity hospital.
After the intervention of the Office of the Public Prosecutor remedial
measures have been put in place. A working group has been established
to monitor progress.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-RUS <promed@promedmail.org>
[This tragic incident involving the deaths of at least 3 medical
personnel is illustrative of the potential for CCHF virus infection to
spread in a healthcare environment by nosocomial transmission.
The cities of Turkestan and Shymkent can be located in the
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Kazakhstan at:
<http://healthmap.org/r/00Bk>. - Mod.CP]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35430
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER KAZAKHSTAN (02): (SOUTH KAZAKHSTAN)
*******************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu 23 Jul 2009
Source: Stan TV News [in Russian, trans. Corr.ATS, edited]
<http://www.stan.tv/news/11296>
Confirmation of CCHF virus infection
------------------------------------
The results of the suspected CCHF [Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]
outbreak investigation in the South of Kazakhstan have now become
available [see ProMED-mail Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Kazakhstan:
(SK) 20090715.2529]. To recapitulate, in the city of Turkestan in
early July [4 Jul 2009] a mother died after delivery as a result of
hemorrhage and her newborn child did not survive. 3 doctors who
operated on her died afterwards. A week later, physicians were still
asserting that these 5 did not die ass a result of infectious
disease. However, now they accept that the cause was CCHF virus
infection. Subsequently there has been no spread on infection beyond
this group.
Two days after the deaths of these individuals the head of the local
department of Health was dismissed and the head of the obstetric
hospital resigned. The doctors caring for the 5 cases were exonerated.
The source of the outbreak was the mother but nobody could explain
how she became infected.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-RUS
<promed-rus@promedmail.org>
[This report clarifies the details of the recent CCHF incident in
South Kazakhstan. Unfortunately, the outbreak investigation was
unable to determine how the mother became infected. Probably, there
was a tick bite, not noticed or recalled. - Corr.VM]
[The city of Turkestan can be located on the HealthMap/ProMED-mail
interactive map of Kazakhstan at <http://healthmap.org/r/00DW>. - Mod.CP]
*******************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu 23 Jul 2009
Source: Stan TV News [in Russian, trans. Corr.ATS, edited]
<http://www.stan.tv/news/11296>
Confirmation of CCHF virus infection
------------------------------------
The results of the suspected CCHF [Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]
outbreak investigation in the South of Kazakhstan have now become
available [see ProMED-mail Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Kazakhstan:
(SK) 20090715.2529]. To recapitulate, in the city of Turkestan in
early July [4 Jul 2009] a mother died after delivery as a result of
hemorrhage and her newborn child did not survive. 3 doctors who
operated on her died afterwards. A week later, physicians were still
asserting that these 5 did not die ass a result of infectious
disease. However, now they accept that the cause was CCHF virus
infection. Subsequently there has been no spread on infection beyond
this group.
Two days after the deaths of these individuals the head of the local
department of Health was dismissed and the head of the obstetric
hospital resigned. The doctors caring for the 5 cases were exonerated.
The source of the outbreak was the mother but nobody could explain
how she became infected.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-RUS
<promed-rus@promedmail.org>
[This report clarifies the details of the recent CCHF incident in
South Kazakhstan. Unfortunately, the outbreak investigation was
unable to determine how the mother became infected. Probably, there
was a tick bite, not noticed or recalled. - Corr.VM]
[The city of Turkestan can be located on the HealthMap/ProMED-mail
interactive map of Kazakhstan at <http://healthmap.org/r/00DW>. - Mod.CP]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35430
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER - KAZAKHSTAN (03): KIZILORDINSKAYA
******************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
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Date: Tue 11 Aug 2009
Source: Kazakhstan Today (translated by ATS, abbreviated, edited)
<http://www.kt.kz/index.php?lang=rus&uin ... 1153493944>
Another case of CCHF recorded in Kizilordinskaya oblast
-------------------------------------------------------
Kazakhstan Today reports that a 4th case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
(CCHF) has been registered in the Kizilordinskaya Oblast according to the
regional public heath department. A 55 year old woman was admitted to the
regional hospital at Shieli on suspicion of tickborne rickettsiosis. The
woman felt sick on 1 Aug 2009; on 2 Aug 2009 she went to a clinic and on 5
Aug 2009 she was referred to the regional hospital.
The working diagnoses were chronic gastritis, chronic pyelonephritis, and
kidney stones. The woman denied receiving a tick bite. On 7 Aug 2009 the
fever increased with onset of gum bleeding, which prompted a consultation
with an infectious disease specialist. A diagnosis of tickborne
rickettsiosis was suggested. On 8 Aug 2009 the patient remembered receiving
a tick bite while working outdoors. A diagnosis of CCHF was established
later on the basis of clinical data. This case is the 4th in the region.
The 1st 3 cases had favorable outcomes.
The regional emergency committee organized a meeting in Shieli to discuss
treatment options for the territory. There are 23 contacts under medical
observation, including 15 health care workers and 8 family members. The
head of the regional public health department stated that the epidemic
season for CCHF is from April to July and the current case is probably a
consequence of the protracted and cool spring. There have been 14 cases of
CCHF in the South Kazakhstan region this year, including 7 fatal cases.
--
communicated by:
ProMED-RUS
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Kazakhstan can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00Bk>. The Kizilordinskaya Oblast is located in the
south of Kazakhstan. - Mod.CP]
******************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Tue 11 Aug 2009
Source: Kazakhstan Today (translated by ATS, abbreviated, edited)
<http://www.kt.kz/index.php?lang=rus&uin ... 1153493944>
Another case of CCHF recorded in Kizilordinskaya oblast
-------------------------------------------------------
Kazakhstan Today reports that a 4th case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
(CCHF) has been registered in the Kizilordinskaya Oblast according to the
regional public heath department. A 55 year old woman was admitted to the
regional hospital at Shieli on suspicion of tickborne rickettsiosis. The
woman felt sick on 1 Aug 2009; on 2 Aug 2009 she went to a clinic and on 5
Aug 2009 she was referred to the regional hospital.
The working diagnoses were chronic gastritis, chronic pyelonephritis, and
kidney stones. The woman denied receiving a tick bite. On 7 Aug 2009 the
fever increased with onset of gum bleeding, which prompted a consultation
with an infectious disease specialist. A diagnosis of tickborne
rickettsiosis was suggested. On 8 Aug 2009 the patient remembered receiving
a tick bite while working outdoors. A diagnosis of CCHF was established
later on the basis of clinical data. This case is the 4th in the region.
The 1st 3 cases had favorable outcomes.
The regional emergency committee organized a meeting in Shieli to discuss
treatment options for the territory. There are 23 contacts under medical
observation, including 15 health care workers and 8 family members. The
head of the regional public health department stated that the epidemic
season for CCHF is from April to July and the current case is probably a
consequence of the protracted and cool spring. There have been 14 cases of
CCHF in the South Kazakhstan region this year, including 7 fatal cases.
--
communicated by:
ProMED-RUS
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Kazakhstan can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00Bk>. The Kizilordinskaya Oblast is located in the
south of Kazakhstan. - Mod.CP]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35430
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER - TAJIKISTAN: (TURSUNZODA DISTRICT)
*******************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
[1]
Date: Mon 10 Aug 2009
Source: Central Asia News (translated by ATS, abbreviated, edited)
<http://www.ca-news.org/news/197201?from=ya>
Deaths from CCHF in Tajikistan (Gursunzadevskiy Region)
-------------------------------------------------------
A total of 3 people out of 5 infected with CCHF virus died in the
Gursunzadevskiy Region (which borders on the Uzunskiy Region of the
Surkhandaryinskiy Oblast in Tajikistan). A report from Ministry of Health
Care says that 26 people have been hospitalized and are under medical
supervision on of CCHF virus infection in the Gursunzadevckiy Region. The
minister of health care of Tajikistan, Nusratullo Salimov, with his working
group went to the Tursunzadevskiy District in this connection on 6 Aug
2009. Anti-epidemic activities are being carried out and educatioal
literature is being disseminated among the local population.
The Ministry of Health recommends seeking immediate medical care in the
case of 1st symptoms of this disease to prevent fatalities (symptoms such
as high temperature up to 40 degrees Celsius [104 deg F], fatigue, pain in
muscles and joints). Hemorrhagic fever takes a very severe course because
of blood clotting problems. At the peak of the disease process nasal,
gastrointestinal, uterine, and other bleeding occurs.
--
communicated by:
ProMED-RUS
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[2]
Date: Thu 13 Aug 2009
Source: World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Europe [edited]
<http://www.euro.who.int/eprise/main/WHO ... 90813_2?l=>
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Tajikistan
----------------------------------------------
On 7 Aug 2009, the Ministry of Health of Tajikistan informed the WHO
Country Office, Tajikistan, about a cluster of 5 confirmed cases of
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in the Tursunzoda District, 50 km
[31 miles] west of the capital Dushanbe. The Tajik Research Centre of
Preventive Medicine, in Dushanbe, used serological methods to make a
preliminary laboratory diagnosis of CCHF virus infection.
The index case, a 50 year old man from Ziyoratut village, Tursunzoda
District, presented with symptoms on 18 Jul 2009 and died on 26 Jul 2009. A
total of 4 of his close contacts, 3 relatives and one health care worker,
later presented with symptoms compatible with CCHF virus infection. 2 of
the relatives, including a pregnant woman, are currently in hospital in a
stable condition. The health care worker and the 3rd relative involved in
the burial of the index case died on 6 and 5 Aug 2009, respectively. A
total of 44 individuals identified as contacts, including 24 health care
workers, are being monitored.
On 11 Aug 2009, an additional case of CCHF virus infection was confirmed in
a 42 year old man from Kulyab, south western Tajikistan. 14 close contacts
are currently under medical observation.
WHO has sent a team of 3 experts in infectious diseases and infection
control to help the national authorities assess and investigate the cluster
in Tursunzoda District, to advise and assist with case management and
infection control, to deliver hands-on infection control training to health
care workers in districts where CCHF is endemic, and to advise the national
health authorities on the development of a medium-term national
intersectoral strategy for CCHF control. In addition, the WHO is deploying
personal protective equipment from a global stockpile and assisting with
the procurement of the antiviral drug ribavirin.
CCHF is a tickborne disease caused by a virus belonging to the _Nairovirus_
genus [of the family _Bunyaviiridae]. It is endemic in many countries of
Africa, Asia and Europe, including Tajikistan. Humans infected with CCHF
acquire the virus through tick bites, or through direct contact with blood
or other infected tissues from livestock or humans. The onset of symptoms
is sudden, with fever, myalgia (aching muscles), dizziness, neck pain and
stiffness, backache, headache, sore eyes, and photophobia (sensitivity to
light). Nausea, vomiting, and a sore throat may occur early on, accompanied
by diarrhoea and generalized abdominal pain. Over the next few days, the
patient may experience sharp mood swings, and may become confused and
aggressive. After 2 to 4 days, this agitation may be replaced by
sleepiness, depression, and lassitude, and the abdominal pain may localize
to the right upper quadrant, with detectable hepatomegaly (liver
enlargement). Mortality from CCHF is about 30 per cent, with death
occurring in the 2nd week of illness. Those patients who recover generally
begin to improve on the 9th or 10th day from the onset of illness.
--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail rapporteur Susan Baekeland
[For additional information on CCHF see the fact sheet on the WHO website
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factshee ... index.html>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of Tajikistan of is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00Fa>. The Tursunzoda District is the westernmost
district of Tajikistan, bordering on Uzbekistan in the west and enclosed by
Tajikistan's Shahrinaw district from the other directions. The Tursunzoda
District is a major grower of rice and cotton in Tajikistan. CCHF virus
infection is more usually associated with livestock rearing areas. - Mod.CP]
*******************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
[1]
Date: Mon 10 Aug 2009
Source: Central Asia News (translated by ATS, abbreviated, edited)
<http://www.ca-news.org/news/197201?from=ya>
Deaths from CCHF in Tajikistan (Gursunzadevskiy Region)
-------------------------------------------------------
A total of 3 people out of 5 infected with CCHF virus died in the
Gursunzadevskiy Region (which borders on the Uzunskiy Region of the
Surkhandaryinskiy Oblast in Tajikistan). A report from Ministry of Health
Care says that 26 people have been hospitalized and are under medical
supervision on of CCHF virus infection in the Gursunzadevckiy Region. The
minister of health care of Tajikistan, Nusratullo Salimov, with his working
group went to the Tursunzadevskiy District in this connection on 6 Aug
2009. Anti-epidemic activities are being carried out and educatioal
literature is being disseminated among the local population.
The Ministry of Health recommends seeking immediate medical care in the
case of 1st symptoms of this disease to prevent fatalities (symptoms such
as high temperature up to 40 degrees Celsius [104 deg F], fatigue, pain in
muscles and joints). Hemorrhagic fever takes a very severe course because
of blood clotting problems. At the peak of the disease process nasal,
gastrointestinal, uterine, and other bleeding occurs.
--
communicated by:
ProMED-RUS
<promed@promedmail.org>
******
[2]
Date: Thu 13 Aug 2009
Source: World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Europe [edited]
<http://www.euro.who.int/eprise/main/WHO ... 90813_2?l=>
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Tajikistan
----------------------------------------------
On 7 Aug 2009, the Ministry of Health of Tajikistan informed the WHO
Country Office, Tajikistan, about a cluster of 5 confirmed cases of
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in the Tursunzoda District, 50 km
[31 miles] west of the capital Dushanbe. The Tajik Research Centre of
Preventive Medicine, in Dushanbe, used serological methods to make a
preliminary laboratory diagnosis of CCHF virus infection.
The index case, a 50 year old man from Ziyoratut village, Tursunzoda
District, presented with symptoms on 18 Jul 2009 and died on 26 Jul 2009. A
total of 4 of his close contacts, 3 relatives and one health care worker,
later presented with symptoms compatible with CCHF virus infection. 2 of
the relatives, including a pregnant woman, are currently in hospital in a
stable condition. The health care worker and the 3rd relative involved in
the burial of the index case died on 6 and 5 Aug 2009, respectively. A
total of 44 individuals identified as contacts, including 24 health care
workers, are being monitored.
On 11 Aug 2009, an additional case of CCHF virus infection was confirmed in
a 42 year old man from Kulyab, south western Tajikistan. 14 close contacts
are currently under medical observation.
WHO has sent a team of 3 experts in infectious diseases and infection
control to help the national authorities assess and investigate the cluster
in Tursunzoda District, to advise and assist with case management and
infection control, to deliver hands-on infection control training to health
care workers in districts where CCHF is endemic, and to advise the national
health authorities on the development of a medium-term national
intersectoral strategy for CCHF control. In addition, the WHO is deploying
personal protective equipment from a global stockpile and assisting with
the procurement of the antiviral drug ribavirin.
CCHF is a tickborne disease caused by a virus belonging to the _Nairovirus_
genus [of the family _Bunyaviiridae]. It is endemic in many countries of
Africa, Asia and Europe, including Tajikistan. Humans infected with CCHF
acquire the virus through tick bites, or through direct contact with blood
or other infected tissues from livestock or humans. The onset of symptoms
is sudden, with fever, myalgia (aching muscles), dizziness, neck pain and
stiffness, backache, headache, sore eyes, and photophobia (sensitivity to
light). Nausea, vomiting, and a sore throat may occur early on, accompanied
by diarrhoea and generalized abdominal pain. Over the next few days, the
patient may experience sharp mood swings, and may become confused and
aggressive. After 2 to 4 days, this agitation may be replaced by
sleepiness, depression, and lassitude, and the abdominal pain may localize
to the right upper quadrant, with detectable hepatomegaly (liver
enlargement). Mortality from CCHF is about 30 per cent, with death
occurring in the 2nd week of illness. Those patients who recover generally
begin to improve on the 9th or 10th day from the onset of illness.
--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail rapporteur Susan Baekeland
[For additional information on CCHF see the fact sheet on the WHO website
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factshee ... index.html>.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail map of Tajikistan of is available at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00Fa>. The Tursunzoda District is the westernmost
district of Tajikistan, bordering on Uzbekistan in the west and enclosed by
Tajikistan's Shahrinaw district from the other directions. The Tursunzoda
District is a major grower of rice and cotton in Tajikistan. CCHF virus
infection is more usually associated with livestock rearing areas. - Mod.CP]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35430
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER - TURKEY (07)
*********************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Fri 14 Aug 2009
Source: The National newspaper [edited]
<http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll ... 39885/1138>
Like much of the rest of the world, Turkey is busy trying to prevent a
major outbreak of swine flu [influenza pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus
infection], scanning arriving passengers at airports and ordering millions
of doses of vaccine. But away from the spotlight, another deadly disease is
on the march in central Anatolia: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF),
which is spread by ticks and has already killed more than 50 people this
year [2009].
News of the rising death toll has alerted the public. "CCHF is more
dangerous than swine flu," a headline in a Turkish newspaper said recently.
But as CCHF continues to claim lives, some experts said the government is
not doing enough to counter the threat. "If there had been almost 60 deaths
from a disease in Germany, that would be a sensation, but in Turkey, it's
hardly on the agenda," Mehmet Alkan, president of the Turkish Union of
Veterinary Doctors, said yesterday [13 Aug 2009]. "The authorities have
been doing something, but it's not enough."
According to official figures released last week, 53 people have died from
CCHF since January [2009]. There have been more than 3000 cases since the
disease 1st appeared in Turkey in 2002, with at least 208 deaths. There
were 63 fatal cases last year [2008] statistics posted on the website of
the health ministry in Ankara show.
CCHF is transmitted by a virus found in ticks. According to the World
Health Organization (WHO), the disease was named after Crimea, where it was
1st described in 1944, and after the Congo, where it was identified a
decade later. Countries at risk stretch from China to Africa and south
western Europe and include the Arabian peninsula, WHO said.
Symptoms of CCHF, which has been compared to Ebola and Lassa fever, include
a sudden high fever, vomiting, and bleeding. There is no vaccine. According
to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the USA, mortality
rates in hospitalised cases vary between 9 per cent and 50 per cent.
"Unfortunately, CCHF is a disease without a vaccine and without a specific
treatment," Turan Buzgan, a senior health ministry official in Ankara, told
reporters last week. Doctors said the most effective ways to fight CCHF are
precautions such as wearing long-sleeved shirts, and tucking trouser legs
into socks while out in the field [to prevent exposure to ticks], as well
as a quick and professional removal of ticks from the body.
In Turkey, rural regions in the northern part of central Anatolia have been
most severely hit. Although there has been a case of a young nurse dying
from the disease after she was infected by the blood of a CCHF patient,
most of the victims have been farmers who were bitten by ticks while
working on their fields. Officials say 95 per cent of cases have occurred
in 1200 villages. Dr Alkan said the fact that most cases had occurred in
poor rural areas had contributed to a lack of attention to the problem.
"Poor people are the victims, not the ones in luxury homes in the cities."
If ticks ever entered the villas of the rich, "more would be done. I am not
saying that in an ideological sense but from a humanitarian point of view."
In some parts of the country, suspected cases of CCHF have triggered panic.
When an elderly man was brought to hospital in the western town of
Balikesir after allegedly being bitten by a tick last month [July 2009],
medical personnel were given face masks, and the clinic stopped accepting
other patients. The CCHF suspicion later turned out to be unfounded.
Dr Alkan called for a comprehensive effort to tackle CCHF. That plan should
include different ministries as well as scientists and should be regarded
as a long-term effort to defeat the disease. "At the moment, there is no
well-planned approach," he said. Instead, Turkey's health authorities have
focused their attention on swine flu. There are 240 confirmed cases [of
influenza pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection] in the country, according
to the latest official count, but there have not been any deaths. Ten
million people are to be vaccinated against the flu before the end of the
year [2009], while another 10 million doses of vaccine are expected to
arrive in the country early next year [2010].
Measures to prevent the spread of the flu have been in place for months.
Passengers flying into Turkey have to fill out forms to inform authorities
of how they can be contacted in case another person from the same flight is
diagnosed with swine flu. Infra-red cameras have been installed in arrival
halls of major airports to identify passengers suffering from high fever.
Recep Akdag, the health minister, rejected accusations that the fight
against CCHF was being overshadowed by efforts to prevent a mass outbreak
of swine flu. CCHF was not connected to a worldwide pandemic such as swine
flu, the minister told reporters in June 2009.
[byline: Thomas Seibert]
--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail rapporteur Susan Baekeland
[According to a previous report, a total of 1315 confirmed cases of CCHF
and 63 deaths occurred in the period January-May 2008. So far in 2009, the
number of fatalities has reached 53 and is likely to increase. As noted in
the above report, the efforts devoted to control of pandemic (H1N1) 2009
influenza virus infection, which so far has caused no fatalities in Turkey,
seem disproportionate in relation to the lack of response to a disease that
has caused a considerable number of fatalities in a restricted area of the
country.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Turkey and Anatolia can be
accessed at <http://healthmap.org/r/00GN>. - Mod.CP]
*********************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Fri 14 Aug 2009
Source: The National newspaper [edited]
<http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll ... 39885/1138>
Like much of the rest of the world, Turkey is busy trying to prevent a
major outbreak of swine flu [influenza pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus
infection], scanning arriving passengers at airports and ordering millions
of doses of vaccine. But away from the spotlight, another deadly disease is
on the march in central Anatolia: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF),
which is spread by ticks and has already killed more than 50 people this
year [2009].
News of the rising death toll has alerted the public. "CCHF is more
dangerous than swine flu," a headline in a Turkish newspaper said recently.
But as CCHF continues to claim lives, some experts said the government is
not doing enough to counter the threat. "If there had been almost 60 deaths
from a disease in Germany, that would be a sensation, but in Turkey, it's
hardly on the agenda," Mehmet Alkan, president of the Turkish Union of
Veterinary Doctors, said yesterday [13 Aug 2009]. "The authorities have
been doing something, but it's not enough."
According to official figures released last week, 53 people have died from
CCHF since January [2009]. There have been more than 3000 cases since the
disease 1st appeared in Turkey in 2002, with at least 208 deaths. There
were 63 fatal cases last year [2008] statistics posted on the website of
the health ministry in Ankara show.
CCHF is transmitted by a virus found in ticks. According to the World
Health Organization (WHO), the disease was named after Crimea, where it was
1st described in 1944, and after the Congo, where it was identified a
decade later. Countries at risk stretch from China to Africa and south
western Europe and include the Arabian peninsula, WHO said.
Symptoms of CCHF, which has been compared to Ebola and Lassa fever, include
a sudden high fever, vomiting, and bleeding. There is no vaccine. According
to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the USA, mortality
rates in hospitalised cases vary between 9 per cent and 50 per cent.
"Unfortunately, CCHF is a disease without a vaccine and without a specific
treatment," Turan Buzgan, a senior health ministry official in Ankara, told
reporters last week. Doctors said the most effective ways to fight CCHF are
precautions such as wearing long-sleeved shirts, and tucking trouser legs
into socks while out in the field [to prevent exposure to ticks], as well
as a quick and professional removal of ticks from the body.
In Turkey, rural regions in the northern part of central Anatolia have been
most severely hit. Although there has been a case of a young nurse dying
from the disease after she was infected by the blood of a CCHF patient,
most of the victims have been farmers who were bitten by ticks while
working on their fields. Officials say 95 per cent of cases have occurred
in 1200 villages. Dr Alkan said the fact that most cases had occurred in
poor rural areas had contributed to a lack of attention to the problem.
"Poor people are the victims, not the ones in luxury homes in the cities."
If ticks ever entered the villas of the rich, "more would be done. I am not
saying that in an ideological sense but from a humanitarian point of view."
In some parts of the country, suspected cases of CCHF have triggered panic.
When an elderly man was brought to hospital in the western town of
Balikesir after allegedly being bitten by a tick last month [July 2009],
medical personnel were given face masks, and the clinic stopped accepting
other patients. The CCHF suspicion later turned out to be unfounded.
Dr Alkan called for a comprehensive effort to tackle CCHF. That plan should
include different ministries as well as scientists and should be regarded
as a long-term effort to defeat the disease. "At the moment, there is no
well-planned approach," he said. Instead, Turkey's health authorities have
focused their attention on swine flu. There are 240 confirmed cases [of
influenza pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection] in the country, according
to the latest official count, but there have not been any deaths. Ten
million people are to be vaccinated against the flu before the end of the
year [2009], while another 10 million doses of vaccine are expected to
arrive in the country early next year [2010].
Measures to prevent the spread of the flu have been in place for months.
Passengers flying into Turkey have to fill out forms to inform authorities
of how they can be contacted in case another person from the same flight is
diagnosed with swine flu. Infra-red cameras have been installed in arrival
halls of major airports to identify passengers suffering from high fever.
Recep Akdag, the health minister, rejected accusations that the fight
against CCHF was being overshadowed by efforts to prevent a mass outbreak
of swine flu. CCHF was not connected to a worldwide pandemic such as swine
flu, the minister told reporters in June 2009.
[byline: Thomas Seibert]
--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail rapporteur Susan Baekeland
[According to a previous report, a total of 1315 confirmed cases of CCHF
and 63 deaths occurred in the period January-May 2008. So far in 2009, the
number of fatalities has reached 53 and is likely to increase. As noted in
the above report, the efforts devoted to control of pandemic (H1N1) 2009
influenza virus infection, which so far has caused no fatalities in Turkey,
seem disproportionate in relation to the lack of response to a disease that
has caused a considerable number of fatalities in a restricted area of the
country.
The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Turkey and Anatolia can be
accessed at <http://healthmap.org/r/00GN>. - Mod.CP]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35430
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
Türkei - Krim-Kongo hämorrhagisches Fieber (CCHF)
17.08.2009
Inzwischen stieg die Zahl der Todesfälle in diesem Jahr auf 53 an. Die Erkrankung geht mit Fieber, schweren Allgemeinerscheinungen und gelegentlich Blutungen einher und tritt besonders in der warmen Jahreszeit auf. Der Erreger, ein Virus, kommt vor allem im zentralen, nördlichen und östlichen Anatolien mit den Provinzen Samsun, Corum, Tokat, Amasya sowie Gumushane, Sivas, Bayburt, Cankin, Yozgat, Karabuk, Kastamonu, Erzurum und Erzincan vor; aus den Urlaubsgebiete im Süden der Türkei wurden bisher keine Fälle berichtet. Die Übertragung erfolgt gewöhnlich durch Zecken, gelegentlich aber auch von Mensch zu Mensch. Schutz vor Zeckenstichen beachten, Kontakt mit Kranken meiden. / Quelle: crm
17.08.2009
Inzwischen stieg die Zahl der Todesfälle in diesem Jahr auf 53 an. Die Erkrankung geht mit Fieber, schweren Allgemeinerscheinungen und gelegentlich Blutungen einher und tritt besonders in der warmen Jahreszeit auf. Der Erreger, ein Virus, kommt vor allem im zentralen, nördlichen und östlichen Anatolien mit den Provinzen Samsun, Corum, Tokat, Amasya sowie Gumushane, Sivas, Bayburt, Cankin, Yozgat, Karabuk, Kastamonu, Erzurum und Erzincan vor; aus den Urlaubsgebiete im Süden der Türkei wurden bisher keine Fälle berichtet. Die Übertragung erfolgt gewöhnlich durch Zecken, gelegentlich aber auch von Mensch zu Mensch. Schutz vor Zeckenstichen beachten, Kontakt mit Kranken meiden. / Quelle: crm
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35430
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER - KAZAKHSTAN (04): (SOUTH KAZAKHSTAN)
*********************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu 13 Aug 2009
Source: KTK News report [translated by ATS, edited]
<http://www.ktk.kz/art/?id=5233>
Denial of CCHF emergency in Kazakhstan
--------------------------------------
The Kazakhstan Ministry of Health has denied reports emanating from
Russian media sources concerning an emergency situation in Kazakhstan
due to an outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). The
Russian press has reported that an emergency situation has been
declared following an outbreak of CCHF in Kazakhstan. The Ministry of
Health has denied that any emergency situation exists, but have
confirmed that that there are 2 new CCHF cases in South Kazakhstan.
Control measures to contain this infection are being implemented in the region.
A resident of Syrdarya village has been admitted to the Shardarinskiy
Regional infectious diseases Hospital. A 16-year-old girl from Jideli
village is suspected having contracted CCHF. In total 22 people have
contracted CCHF infection in Kazakhstan, including 8 cases with fatal
outcome. The Ministry of Health stated that facilities are in place
to deal with any further cases.
An official from the Ministry of Health announced that anti-tick
disinfestation measures were in progress in affected areas. Once
these have been completed the focus of the outbreak will have been
contained. Until this has been completed further cases may still
occur. A total of 224 million tenges (1 000 000 Kazakhstan tenges =
6633.50 US dollars) have been released for CCHF prevention, including
196 millions from the state reserves. 21 percent of cattle, which are
the main carriers of ticks, have received anti-tick treatment in
South Kazakhstan and the Kyzylordinskiy Oblast.
In total 87 people are currently in quarantine. The deputy chair of
the public health committee of the ministry of Health has stated that
more than 300 people went under medical observation because of
contacts with CCHF cases. All of them are receiving the necessary
care. He also affirmed, that despite the high interest of the Russian
media in this issue, there is no reason for panic, and outbreaks
such as occurred last July [2008] will not happen.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-RUS
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Kazakhstan can be
accessed at <http://healthmap.org/r/00Bk>. The Kizilordinskaya
Oblast is located in the south of Kazakhstan. - Mod.CP]
*********************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Thu 13 Aug 2009
Source: KTK News report [translated by ATS, edited]
<http://www.ktk.kz/art/?id=5233>
Denial of CCHF emergency in Kazakhstan
--------------------------------------
The Kazakhstan Ministry of Health has denied reports emanating from
Russian media sources concerning an emergency situation in Kazakhstan
due to an outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). The
Russian press has reported that an emergency situation has been
declared following an outbreak of CCHF in Kazakhstan. The Ministry of
Health has denied that any emergency situation exists, but have
confirmed that that there are 2 new CCHF cases in South Kazakhstan.
Control measures to contain this infection are being implemented in the region.
A resident of Syrdarya village has been admitted to the Shardarinskiy
Regional infectious diseases Hospital. A 16-year-old girl from Jideli
village is suspected having contracted CCHF. In total 22 people have
contracted CCHF infection in Kazakhstan, including 8 cases with fatal
outcome. The Ministry of Health stated that facilities are in place
to deal with any further cases.
An official from the Ministry of Health announced that anti-tick
disinfestation measures were in progress in affected areas. Once
these have been completed the focus of the outbreak will have been
contained. Until this has been completed further cases may still
occur. A total of 224 million tenges (1 000 000 Kazakhstan tenges =
6633.50 US dollars) have been released for CCHF prevention, including
196 millions from the state reserves. 21 percent of cattle, which are
the main carriers of ticks, have received anti-tick treatment in
South Kazakhstan and the Kyzylordinskiy Oblast.
In total 87 people are currently in quarantine. The deputy chair of
the public health committee of the ministry of Health has stated that
more than 300 people went under medical observation because of
contacts with CCHF cases. All of them are receiving the necessary
care. He also affirmed, that despite the high interest of the Russian
media in this issue, there is no reason for panic, and outbreaks
such as occurred last July [2008] will not happen.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-RUS
<promed@promedmail.org>
[The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Kazakhstan can be
accessed at <http://healthmap.org/r/00Bk>. The Kizilordinskaya
Oblast is located in the south of Kazakhstan. - Mod.CP]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35430
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER - CENTRAL ASIA: BACKGROUND
**********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 24 Aug 2009
Source: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) [edited]
<http://www.rferl.org/content/CongoCrime ... 06599.html>
CCHF takes a deadly toll in Central Asia
----------------------------------------
A tick-borne virus is making its deadly return to Central Asia. In
late June [2009], a 23-year-old gave birth to her 2nd child at a
hospital in the Turkistan district of Kazakhstan's southernmost South
Kazakhstan Province. But ensuing complications and surgeries led to
more complications and surgeries. Within a few weeks [the woman], her
newborn, 2 surgeons, and a pediatrician at the hospital were dead.
[The woman] had contracted Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF] from
a tick that latched on to her in her home. Breast-feeding in turn
transmitted the disease to her newborn. Continued bleeding that
required 2 operations after her delivery spread the disease to the
surgeons, and the pediatrician got it from the baby [see ProMED-mail
posts:
Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Kazakhstan: (SK) 20090715.2529,
Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Kazakhstan (02): (SK) 20090802.2707
Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Kazakhstan (03): KY 20090815.2897
Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Kazakhstan (04): (SK) 20090818.2932]
At least one other person in Kazakhstan has died of the fever in
recent months, and many more are believed to have been infected. The
outbreak is even worse in Tajikistan, where tens are believed to have
died this summer [2009], including physicians, and the number of those
infected could number in the hundreds.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever gets its name from its discovery in
the Crimea in the 1940s, and subsequent outbreak in the Congo in the
late '60s. The disease is carried by ticks, which often live off wild
and domesticated animals, and has been found in Eastern Europe, the
Mediterranean, parts of China, and Central Asia. Predictably, news of
the latest spread of CCHF in Central Asia has caused panic in some
areas.
In early August [2009], 24 people were reported to have died of CCHF
in the western Tursunzade area within a 2-day period. Witnesses cited
in the report said the town was under quarantine and surrounded by
law-enforcement officials. Following a request from the Tajik
government, the World Health Organization (WHO) has stepped in to help.
As reports surfaced that 4 infected people in Kulob were recovering
from the fever, WHO and Tajik officials held a joint seminar on [24
Aug 2009] to inform locals about preventive measures they can take. "A
group of 3 consultants from the WHO arrived in the country to assist
us on diagnostics, cures, and preventive measures at the sources of
the epidemic, and to evaluate what has been done by Tajik Health
Ministry specialists," said Tajik deputy health minister Aazam
Mirzoev. "They will share with us their own vision and solutions where
needed, and evaluate where and what kind of aid could be helpful."
Dr Pierre Rollin, acting chief of the Special Pathogens Branch at the
Centers for Disease Control [& Prevention] in Atlanta, Georgia, told
RFE/RL that CCHF is no stranger to Central Asia. "This virus has been
known in this area for decades; it's not a new virus," Rollin said.
"This virus has been described there in the 1940s, 1950s, so every
year there is some that pops up here and there. There are 2 ways to be
infected -- from ticks or from contact with [the blood of] the
patient." Stressing that one would have to come into contact with the
blood of an infected person to contract the virus from a human, Rollin
explained that different people can react in different ways to the
virus. Sometimes, "the disease can be very mild," Rollin said. "We
don't know why there is mild disease and severe disease. Some get a
fever like the flu and it goes away in a few days and people recover."
In severe cases, however, the patient can hemorrhage under the skin
and or internally. This is usually accompanied by very high fever.
These symptoms are particularly dangerous, Rollin said, "if it is
digestive bleeding, vomiting, or diarrhea with blood, and in that case
the prognosis is not very good, and the patient should be kept under
very good care."
Rollin stressed that the virus cannot be passed by eating the meat of
an animal that had an infected tick on it. "The animal may be infected
with the virus but have no sign, no symptom, and the virus is really
not in the meat," he said.
So what can people in areas where the infection already exists do to
limit the possibility of becoming infected? "They should limit the
number of people who are in contact with the patient, and then they
should use gloves, or if you have to touch something that could be
infectious, you can put on a plastic bag if you don't have a glove,"
Rollin explains. "Bleach will destroy the virus; any detergent will
destroy the virus. So for example, say you have a patient that had
some bleeding and you want to take care of the bed sheets, to clean
them, you should use a plastic bag to remove them or put them in a
bucket of water and bleach and leave it for 30 minutes or an hour and
that will destroy the virus." Rollin continued: "Be sure to clean all
the instruments that have been used, all the tables, spoons, forks
they used when they ate, all the glasses that the patient has used to
drink. Disinfect it; water with bleach will destroy the virus;
detergent will destroy the virus." Rollin also stressed the importance
of basic hygiene. "Using soap, washing one's hands very often is
effective at destroying any virus that is on the skin," he said. "We
don't think the virus can penetrate the skinŠso wash your hands as
often as you can with detergent or soap and it will be good."
Rural areas in Central Asia are often far from the nearest medical
center, meaning it could take hours, or days, before someone infected
with the fever can be brought to a hospital. Rollin emphasizes the
need for speed in getting an infected person to a medical facility. He
gave the following tips for helping someone who has contracted the
disease in the interval before they can receive medical care. Infected
"people bleed and have diarrhea, and they are going to lose a lot of
water, so [others] should keep giving liquid to the patient. Try to
avoid giving aspirin, for example, as that will cause more bleeding.
They should try to contact healthcare services as soon as possible,"
he said. "And again, if you have a case in the family, that means most
likely this individual has been bitten by a tick that has been
infected, so people should really pay attention to ticks in this
area." Rollin says that anyone bringing a potentially infected person
to a medical center should inform healthcare officials immediately
about contact or suspected contact with ticks, so medical staff can
take the appropriate precautions. And he said people in these rural
areas should check themselves and their clothes often, especially
before entering their homes, to be sure they do not have any ticks on
them.
[Byline: Bruce Pannier]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Susan Baekeland
[This article carries a photograph of a worker in southern Kazakhstan
spraying pesticide to kill ticks, the carriers of hemorrhagic fever.
To locate the districts in Tajikistan referred to in this report the
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Tajikistan can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00Fa>. - Mod.CP]
**********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 24 Aug 2009
Source: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) [edited]
<http://www.rferl.org/content/CongoCrime ... 06599.html>
CCHF takes a deadly toll in Central Asia
----------------------------------------
A tick-borne virus is making its deadly return to Central Asia. In
late June [2009], a 23-year-old gave birth to her 2nd child at a
hospital in the Turkistan district of Kazakhstan's southernmost South
Kazakhstan Province. But ensuing complications and surgeries led to
more complications and surgeries. Within a few weeks [the woman], her
newborn, 2 surgeons, and a pediatrician at the hospital were dead.
[The woman] had contracted Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF] from
a tick that latched on to her in her home. Breast-feeding in turn
transmitted the disease to her newborn. Continued bleeding that
required 2 operations after her delivery spread the disease to the
surgeons, and the pediatrician got it from the baby [see ProMED-mail
posts:
Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Kazakhstan: (SK) 20090715.2529,
Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Kazakhstan (02): (SK) 20090802.2707
Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Kazakhstan (03): KY 20090815.2897
Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Kazakhstan (04): (SK) 20090818.2932]
At least one other person in Kazakhstan has died of the fever in
recent months, and many more are believed to have been infected. The
outbreak is even worse in Tajikistan, where tens are believed to have
died this summer [2009], including physicians, and the number of those
infected could number in the hundreds.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever gets its name from its discovery in
the Crimea in the 1940s, and subsequent outbreak in the Congo in the
late '60s. The disease is carried by ticks, which often live off wild
and domesticated animals, and has been found in Eastern Europe, the
Mediterranean, parts of China, and Central Asia. Predictably, news of
the latest spread of CCHF in Central Asia has caused panic in some
areas.
In early August [2009], 24 people were reported to have died of CCHF
in the western Tursunzade area within a 2-day period. Witnesses cited
in the report said the town was under quarantine and surrounded by
law-enforcement officials. Following a request from the Tajik
government, the World Health Organization (WHO) has stepped in to help.
As reports surfaced that 4 infected people in Kulob were recovering
from the fever, WHO and Tajik officials held a joint seminar on [24
Aug 2009] to inform locals about preventive measures they can take. "A
group of 3 consultants from the WHO arrived in the country to assist
us on diagnostics, cures, and preventive measures at the sources of
the epidemic, and to evaluate what has been done by Tajik Health
Ministry specialists," said Tajik deputy health minister Aazam
Mirzoev. "They will share with us their own vision and solutions where
needed, and evaluate where and what kind of aid could be helpful."
Dr Pierre Rollin, acting chief of the Special Pathogens Branch at the
Centers for Disease Control [& Prevention] in Atlanta, Georgia, told
RFE/RL that CCHF is no stranger to Central Asia. "This virus has been
known in this area for decades; it's not a new virus," Rollin said.
"This virus has been described there in the 1940s, 1950s, so every
year there is some that pops up here and there. There are 2 ways to be
infected -- from ticks or from contact with [the blood of] the
patient." Stressing that one would have to come into contact with the
blood of an infected person to contract the virus from a human, Rollin
explained that different people can react in different ways to the
virus. Sometimes, "the disease can be very mild," Rollin said. "We
don't know why there is mild disease and severe disease. Some get a
fever like the flu and it goes away in a few days and people recover."
In severe cases, however, the patient can hemorrhage under the skin
and or internally. This is usually accompanied by very high fever.
These symptoms are particularly dangerous, Rollin said, "if it is
digestive bleeding, vomiting, or diarrhea with blood, and in that case
the prognosis is not very good, and the patient should be kept under
very good care."
Rollin stressed that the virus cannot be passed by eating the meat of
an animal that had an infected tick on it. "The animal may be infected
with the virus but have no sign, no symptom, and the virus is really
not in the meat," he said.
So what can people in areas where the infection already exists do to
limit the possibility of becoming infected? "They should limit the
number of people who are in contact with the patient, and then they
should use gloves, or if you have to touch something that could be
infectious, you can put on a plastic bag if you don't have a glove,"
Rollin explains. "Bleach will destroy the virus; any detergent will
destroy the virus. So for example, say you have a patient that had
some bleeding and you want to take care of the bed sheets, to clean
them, you should use a plastic bag to remove them or put them in a
bucket of water and bleach and leave it for 30 minutes or an hour and
that will destroy the virus." Rollin continued: "Be sure to clean all
the instruments that have been used, all the tables, spoons, forks
they used when they ate, all the glasses that the patient has used to
drink. Disinfect it; water with bleach will destroy the virus;
detergent will destroy the virus." Rollin also stressed the importance
of basic hygiene. "Using soap, washing one's hands very often is
effective at destroying any virus that is on the skin," he said. "We
don't think the virus can penetrate the skinŠso wash your hands as
often as you can with detergent or soap and it will be good."
Rural areas in Central Asia are often far from the nearest medical
center, meaning it could take hours, or days, before someone infected
with the fever can be brought to a hospital. Rollin emphasizes the
need for speed in getting an infected person to a medical facility. He
gave the following tips for helping someone who has contracted the
disease in the interval before they can receive medical care. Infected
"people bleed and have diarrhea, and they are going to lose a lot of
water, so [others] should keep giving liquid to the patient. Try to
avoid giving aspirin, for example, as that will cause more bleeding.
They should try to contact healthcare services as soon as possible,"
he said. "And again, if you have a case in the family, that means most
likely this individual has been bitten by a tick that has been
infected, so people should really pay attention to ticks in this
area." Rollin says that anyone bringing a potentially infected person
to a medical center should inform healthcare officials immediately
about contact or suspected contact with ticks, so medical staff can
take the appropriate precautions. And he said people in these rural
areas should check themselves and their clothes often, especially
before entering their homes, to be sure they do not have any ticks on
them.
[Byline: Bruce Pannier]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Susan Baekeland
[This article carries a photograph of a worker in southern Kazakhstan
spraying pesticide to kill ticks, the carriers of hemorrhagic fever.
To locate the districts in Tajikistan referred to in this report the
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Tajikistan can be accessed at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00Fa>. - Mod.CP]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35430
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER - IRAN: (RAZAVI KHORASAN) ABATTOIR WORKERS
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Sat 5 Sep 2009
Source: shooresh1917.blogspot.com, Revolutionary Road report [edited]
<http://shooresh1917.blogspot.com/2009/0 ... ember.html>
[Abattoir] workers diagnosed with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
------------------------------------------------------------------
Currently 6 slaughter workers of "Tappe Salam" of Mashhad have been
admitted to the hospital due to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
virus infection. According to ILNA [Iranian Labour News Agency], this
disease has spread among the workers after importation of domestic
animals from Afghanistan. The workers of "Tappe Salam" reported to
medical staff with high fever, severe pain in all body muscles,
headache, and nausea; they were diagnosed with Crimean-Congo
haemorrhagic fever.
Domestic animals with Crimea-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection
have been imported into Iran previously, although according to law,
any import or export of animals must be authorized by the Ministry of Health.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Susan Baekeland
[Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral haemorrhagic
fever caused by a virus classified in the genus _Nairovirus_ in the
family _Bunyaviridae_. Although primarily a zoonosis, sporadic cases
and outbreaks of CCHF affecting humans do occur frequently. The
disease is endemic in many countries in Africa, Europe, and Asia.
The geographical distribution of the virus, like that of its vectors,
argasid or ixodid ticks, is widespread. CCHF virus may infect a wide
range of domestic and wild animals. Animals become infected with CCHF
from the bite of infected ticks. A number of tick genera are capable
of becoming infected with CCHF virus, but the most efficient and
common vectors for CCHF appear to be members of the genus _Hyalomma_.
Transovarial (transmission of the virus from infected female ticks to
offspring via eggs) and venereal transmission have been demonstrated
amongst some vector species, indicating one mechanism, which may
contribute to maintaining the circulation of the virus in nature.
Humans who become infected with CCHF acquire the virus from direct
contact with blood or other infected tissues from livestock during
this time, or they may become infected from a tick bite. The majority
of cases have occurred in those involved with the livestock industry,
such as agricultural workers, slaughterhouse workers, and veterinarians.
The length of the incubation period for the illness appears to depend
on the mode of acquisition of the virus. Following infection via tick
bite, the incubation period is usually 1 to 3 days, with a maximum of
9 days. The incubation period following contact with infected blood
or tissues is usually 5 to 6 days, with a documented maximum of 13
days. Onset of symptoms is sudden, with fever, myalgia (aching
muscles), dizziness, neck pain and stiffness, backache, headache,
sore eyes and photophobia (sensitivity to light). There may be
nausea, vomiting and sore throat early on, which may be accompanied
by diarrhoea and generalised abdominal pain. Over the next few days,
the patient may experience sharp mood swings, and may become confused
and aggressive. After 2 to 4 days, the agitation may be replaced by
sleepiness, depression, and lassitude, and the abdominal pain may
localize to the right upper quadrant, with detectable hepatomegaly
(liver enlargement).
The mortality rate from CCHF is approximately 30 percent, with death
occurring in the 2nd week of illness. In those patients who recover,
improvement generally begins on the 9th or 10th day after the onset of illness.
General supportive therapy is the mainstay of patient management in
CCHF. Intensive monitoring to guide volume and blood component
replacement is required. The antiviral drug ribavirin has been used
in treatment of established CCHF infection with apparent benefit.
Both oral and intravenous formulations seem to be effective.
Further information can be obtained from the WHO website at
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factshee ... index.html>.
Mashhad is the capital of Razavi Khorasan province in northeastern
Iran, close to the border with Turkmenistan. It can be found on the
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00M2>. - Mod.CP]
********************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Sat 5 Sep 2009
Source: shooresh1917.blogspot.com, Revolutionary Road report [edited]
<http://shooresh1917.blogspot.com/2009/0 ... ember.html>
[Abattoir] workers diagnosed with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
------------------------------------------------------------------
Currently 6 slaughter workers of "Tappe Salam" of Mashhad have been
admitted to the hospital due to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
virus infection. According to ILNA [Iranian Labour News Agency], this
disease has spread among the workers after importation of domestic
animals from Afghanistan. The workers of "Tappe Salam" reported to
medical staff with high fever, severe pain in all body muscles,
headache, and nausea; they were diagnosed with Crimean-Congo
haemorrhagic fever.
Domestic animals with Crimea-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection
have been imported into Iran previously, although according to law,
any import or export of animals must be authorized by the Ministry of Health.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Susan Baekeland
[Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral haemorrhagic
fever caused by a virus classified in the genus _Nairovirus_ in the
family _Bunyaviridae_. Although primarily a zoonosis, sporadic cases
and outbreaks of CCHF affecting humans do occur frequently. The
disease is endemic in many countries in Africa, Europe, and Asia.
The geographical distribution of the virus, like that of its vectors,
argasid or ixodid ticks, is widespread. CCHF virus may infect a wide
range of domestic and wild animals. Animals become infected with CCHF
from the bite of infected ticks. A number of tick genera are capable
of becoming infected with CCHF virus, but the most efficient and
common vectors for CCHF appear to be members of the genus _Hyalomma_.
Transovarial (transmission of the virus from infected female ticks to
offspring via eggs) and venereal transmission have been demonstrated
amongst some vector species, indicating one mechanism, which may
contribute to maintaining the circulation of the virus in nature.
Humans who become infected with CCHF acquire the virus from direct
contact with blood or other infected tissues from livestock during
this time, or they may become infected from a tick bite. The majority
of cases have occurred in those involved with the livestock industry,
such as agricultural workers, slaughterhouse workers, and veterinarians.
The length of the incubation period for the illness appears to depend
on the mode of acquisition of the virus. Following infection via tick
bite, the incubation period is usually 1 to 3 days, with a maximum of
9 days. The incubation period following contact with infected blood
or tissues is usually 5 to 6 days, with a documented maximum of 13
days. Onset of symptoms is sudden, with fever, myalgia (aching
muscles), dizziness, neck pain and stiffness, backache, headache,
sore eyes and photophobia (sensitivity to light). There may be
nausea, vomiting and sore throat early on, which may be accompanied
by diarrhoea and generalised abdominal pain. Over the next few days,
the patient may experience sharp mood swings, and may become confused
and aggressive. After 2 to 4 days, the agitation may be replaced by
sleepiness, depression, and lassitude, and the abdominal pain may
localize to the right upper quadrant, with detectable hepatomegaly
(liver enlargement).
The mortality rate from CCHF is approximately 30 percent, with death
occurring in the 2nd week of illness. In those patients who recover,
improvement generally begins on the 9th or 10th day after the onset of illness.
General supportive therapy is the mainstay of patient management in
CCHF. Intensive monitoring to guide volume and blood component
replacement is required. The antiviral drug ribavirin has been used
in treatment of established CCHF infection with apparent benefit.
Both oral and intravenous formulations seem to be effective.
Further information can be obtained from the WHO website at
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factshee ... index.html>.
Mashhad is the capital of Razavi Khorasan province in northeastern
Iran, close to the border with Turkmenistan. It can be found on the
HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00M2>. - Mod.CP]
-
Birgitt
- Moderator
- Beiträge: 35430
- Registriert: Di 2. Aug 2005, 22:52
- Wohnort: NRW / Südl. Rheinland
- Kontaktdaten:
Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER - IRAN (02): (RAZAVI KHORASAN) ABATTOIR WORKERS
***************************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 7 Sep 2009
From: Merritt Clifton <anmlpepl@whidbey.com>
A comment
---------
In the previous post [Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Iran: (KV) abattoir
workers 20090907.3149] the moderator stated that: "Humans who become
infected with CCHF acquire the virus from direct contact with blood
or other infected tissues from livestock during this time, or they
may become infected from a tick bite."
The avenue of infection might be one or more of the unique aspects of
halal slaughter [permissible to use or engage in, according to
Islamic law], and the pre-and-post slaughtering procedures might have
to be amended to prevent such infections from becoming a recurring phenomenon.
The halal slaughter method inevitably involves more blood flying
around than the conventional western method, and because multiple
workers are having to physically hold the animal throughout the
slaughter process, there is huge opportunity for ticks to move from
the dying animal to the nearest living hosts -- the humans -- as well
as for the workers to have contact with blood.
For religious and cultural reasons, the halal slaughter method itself
is not open to change, but the risk of infection might be
substantially reduced if animals were dipped in an appropriate
solution prior to slaughter, if workers always wore protective
clothing to prevent direct bodily contact with animals, and if
something was done to reduce the accumulations of blood in the
slaughter areas, which are typically dependant on nothing more than
gravity for drainage.
More hosing would be an obvious response, except that in arid
climates such as Iran and Afghanistan, the necessary water might not
be available.
Either dipping or more hosing will be problematic in arid locations,
but probably many animals could wade through the same dipping tank,
so long as it was kept refreshed and skimmed to remove still living
ticks and tick carcasses.
My personal preference would be for people to quit eating meat, but I
know that isn't going to happen soon, especially not in those parts
of the world.
--
Communicated by:
Merritt Clifton
Editor, ANIMAL PEOPLE
PO Box 960
Clinton, WA 98236
USA
<anmlpepl@whidbey.com>
<http://www.animalpeoplenews.org>
***************************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Mon 7 Sep 2009
From: Merritt Clifton <anmlpepl@whidbey.com>
A comment
---------
In the previous post [Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Iran: (KV) abattoir
workers 20090907.3149] the moderator stated that: "Humans who become
infected with CCHF acquire the virus from direct contact with blood
or other infected tissues from livestock during this time, or they
may become infected from a tick bite."
The avenue of infection might be one or more of the unique aspects of
halal slaughter [permissible to use or engage in, according to
Islamic law], and the pre-and-post slaughtering procedures might have
to be amended to prevent such infections from becoming a recurring phenomenon.
The halal slaughter method inevitably involves more blood flying
around than the conventional western method, and because multiple
workers are having to physically hold the animal throughout the
slaughter process, there is huge opportunity for ticks to move from
the dying animal to the nearest living hosts -- the humans -- as well
as for the workers to have contact with blood.
For religious and cultural reasons, the halal slaughter method itself
is not open to change, but the risk of infection might be
substantially reduced if animals were dipped in an appropriate
solution prior to slaughter, if workers always wore protective
clothing to prevent direct bodily contact with animals, and if
something was done to reduce the accumulations of blood in the
slaughter areas, which are typically dependant on nothing more than
gravity for drainage.
More hosing would be an obvious response, except that in arid
climates such as Iran and Afghanistan, the necessary water might not
be available.
Either dipping or more hosing will be problematic in arid locations,
but probably many animals could wade through the same dipping tank,
so long as it was kept refreshed and skimmed to remove still living
ticks and tick carcasses.
My personal preference would be for people to quit eating meat, but I
know that isn't going to happen soon, especially not in those parts
of the world.
--
Communicated by:
Merritt Clifton
Editor, ANIMAL PEOPLE
PO Box 960
Clinton, WA 98236
USA
<anmlpepl@whidbey.com>
<http://www.animalpeoplenews.org>
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Birgitt
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Re: Krim-Kongo Hämorrhagisches Fieber
CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER - IRAN (03): UPDATE
***************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: 7 Sep 2009
Source: Badablog [edited]
<http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=10 ... id=3510210>
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever proves deadly in Iran
------------------------------------------------------
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has killed 8 people in Iran
this year while at least 63 people have contracted the disease.
"No less than 8 individuals across the country have died of CCHF in
recent months, and 63 more are believed to have been infected," said
Mohammad Reza Shirzadi, head of Iran Ministry of Health's Zoonoses
Disease Department.
"Past history of tick bite, livestock slaughtering, presence of a
designated place for animals at home, keeping livestock in the house,
and contact history with livestock are among the factors that must be
studied on any suspected patients," the health official said.
In 2008 CCHF infected 120 people of whom 19 died.
Several cases of CCHF, an arboviral disease [CCHF is transmitted by
ticks (arachnid), not by insects and other arthropods - Mod.CP], have
been reported since the summer of 1999 across different areas of
Iran. Health officials aim to determine the most important means and
patterns of transmission and the epidemiologic characteristics of this disease.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral haemorrhagic
fever of the Nairovirus group. Although primarily a zoonosis,
sporadic cases and outbreaks of CCHF affecting humans do occur. The
disease is endemic in many countries in Africa, Europe and Asia, and
during 2001, cases or outbreaks have been recorded in Kosovo,
Albania, Iran, Pakistan, and South Africa.
The disease was 1st described in the Crimea in 1944 and given the
name Crimean haemorrhagic fever. In 1969 it was recognized that the
pathogen causing Crimean haemorrhagic fever was the same as that
responsible for an illness identified in 1956 in the Congo, and
linkage of the 2 place names resulted in the current name for the
disease and the virus. CCHF is a severe disease in humans, with a
high mortality rate. Fortunately, human illness occurs infrequently,
although animal infection may be more common.
Further information can be obtained at the WHO website via:
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factshee ... index.html>. - Mod.CP]
[A map showing the location of Iran is available at:
<http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/ir.htm> - CopyEd.EJP]
***************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: 7 Sep 2009
Source: Badablog [edited]
<http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=10 ... id=3510210>
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever proves deadly in Iran
------------------------------------------------------
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has killed 8 people in Iran
this year while at least 63 people have contracted the disease.
"No less than 8 individuals across the country have died of CCHF in
recent months, and 63 more are believed to have been infected," said
Mohammad Reza Shirzadi, head of Iran Ministry of Health's Zoonoses
Disease Department.
"Past history of tick bite, livestock slaughtering, presence of a
designated place for animals at home, keeping livestock in the house,
and contact history with livestock are among the factors that must be
studied on any suspected patients," the health official said.
In 2008 CCHF infected 120 people of whom 19 died.
Several cases of CCHF, an arboviral disease [CCHF is transmitted by
ticks (arachnid), not by insects and other arthropods - Mod.CP], have
been reported since the summer of 1999 across different areas of
Iran. Health officials aim to determine the most important means and
patterns of transmission and the epidemiologic characteristics of this disease.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral haemorrhagic
fever of the Nairovirus group. Although primarily a zoonosis,
sporadic cases and outbreaks of CCHF affecting humans do occur. The
disease is endemic in many countries in Africa, Europe and Asia, and
during 2001, cases or outbreaks have been recorded in Kosovo,
Albania, Iran, Pakistan, and South Africa.
The disease was 1st described in the Crimea in 1944 and given the
name Crimean haemorrhagic fever. In 1969 it was recognized that the
pathogen causing Crimean haemorrhagic fever was the same as that
responsible for an illness identified in 1956 in the Congo, and
linkage of the 2 place names resulted in the current name for the
disease and the virus. CCHF is a severe disease in humans, with a
high mortality rate. Fortunately, human illness occurs infrequently,
although animal infection may be more common.
Further information can be obtained at the WHO website via:
<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factshee ... index.html>. - Mod.CP]
[A map showing the location of Iran is available at:
<http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/ir.htm> - CopyEd.EJP]
